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제 15 호 What Is the Reorganization of the School System?

Kicker : SOCIETY What Is the Reorganization of the School System? By Yun-Seo Jung, Cub-Reporter yysj1230@naver.com Is the Reform of the School System Correct for the Reform of Children's Education? Have you ever heard about a reorganization of the school system? The reorganization of the school system literally means that the education system is reorganized. The plan is to push a reorganization of the school system that lowers the entrance age of elementary schools from six to five. This announcement has aims to reduce the difference in private education through the lowering of the school entrance age so that the socially disadvantaged can receive public education quickly. The following is what was announced by the Ministry of Education. “The national responsibility system closes the gap from the start of education.” “The state should provide high-quality education equal to all children in proper time so that they can start growing without gaps, and in particular, it is necessary to expand the targets that the state is responsible for children at the infant step (0-5 years old).” If the reorganization of the school system is instituted, the school entrance age will be increased by 25% for four years so that the minimum age for elementary school will be five from 2025. However, this issue is not yet confirmed. It is necessary to revise the Elementary and Secondary Education Act that ‘children should be enrolled at elementary school on March first of the following year, the day on which they become the age of six.’ Then, How Did the Public React to the Reorganization of the School System? There have also been various reactions to the reorganization of the school system. Let's find out about the opinions in favor of the reorganization. First, the state is responsible for children's education faster and more effectively. Studies have shown that when invested in education in infants and elementary school, the effect is 16 times higher than adulthood. This means that the younger the age, the higher the efficiency of education. It also indicates that the state's willingness to take responsibility for allowing children to study in public education at a younger age. In this regard, it can be seen that the socially disadvantaged who are unable to receive a proper education need more the reorganization of the school system. Second, this can maximize labor productivity. Currently, Korea is experiencing a low birth rate and aging society, and this phenomenon is expected to continue in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to lower the age in which young people enter the labor market in order to mitigate the low birth rate and aging phenomenon. If the lower age of admission increases, the possibility of getting a job and marriage could rise and ease the low birth rate and aging population. Those who support the reorganization of the school system argue that it gives the socially disadvantaged equal opportunities for education and increases labor productivity. Next, let's look at some of the opinions of those who oppose the reorganization of the school system. First, if a five year old child enters elementary school and maintains the elementary curriculum tailored to the current age of 6, it is difficult to provide normal education considering the stage of child development. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new curriculum necessary for the age of five and to develop the entire curriculum accordingly, but it is not easy for the process to take place quickly. Second, as soon as education begins, the start of private education is also accelerated. If the age of admission is lowered, the time for public education will be advanced, but parents will prepare for child education in advance for the start of compulsory education in time. In this case, the intention of the reorganization of the school system, which has advanced the start of public education by one year to reduce the difference in education, will be useless. Third, there will be disadvantages that a certain age will suffer. If a five-year-old and six-year-old child enter the school at the same time in the policy propulsion stage, the number of students can double at a certain time. Then, even if the age of entering the labor market is lowered, there is no change in the fact that it is difficult to get a job due to the rising employment competition rates. In addition, there is a risk of disadvantage due to the high competition rate for entrance exams. If so, when is the school age in other countries, and how is the educational system being implemented? In Sweden, the school age is seven years old, and it is a representative country that operates the "maturity school system." From the age of one to five, they enter an infant school equivalent to a kindergarten in Korea, and at six years old, they enter an infant class in an elementary school and then enter a regular elementary school class at the age of seven. In 1980, Sweden, concluded that lowering the school age had a greater negative effect as the low birth rate problem became serious, like Korea, and instead focused on improving other systems, such as improving the women’s leave of absence system. While maintaining the maturity school system, Sweden’s birth rate had improved such that it had maintained the 1.9-member level since 2005. Next, the school age in France is six years old, similar to Korea. France is considered an exemplary example of the operation of the school system. In France, people can enter kindergarten at the age of three and elementary school at the age of six. However, it is different from Korea to provide public education to infants aged three to five before entering elementary school. In France, the educational system is characterized by the fact that it operates by grouping two to three grades, not by grade. In connection with kindergartens and lower grades of elementary school, they taught ‘basic learning courses’ and ‘intensive courses’ at the higher grades of elementary school, and operate ‘adaptation courses,’ career courses’ at the middle school level. Also they tried to avoid mechanical classification of dividing the curriculum by grade. Last, England is an early school system that goes to elementary school at the age of five. Instead of being able to enter elementary school from the age of five, the elementary curriculum was dualized. In the UK, children aged five to seven go to an infant school in the lower grades of elementary school, and those who are aged seven to 11 go to a junior school in the higher grades of elementary school. In the case of infant schools, thanks to the creation of a curriculum centered on play and activities, it is evaluated that the school system is maintained without any side effects even though the school age is lower than in other countries. In 1999, another factor of success was the strengthening of the linkage between infant education for the ages of three to five and infant schools for the ages of five to seven through educational reform. In the case of other countries, even though they have a low birth rate and aging society like Korea, they prepared for the population problem by providing capabilities to improve other systems, not just educational reform. There will definitely be advantages of school reorganization affecting children's education, but there are still many concerns. It can be thought that it is not a wise way to simply get solutions to various social problems, such as low birth rates, aging population, and employment problems from children's education. And then, what questions should we ask society? Sources: https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201511082176447678 https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/viewRenew.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=90303&lev=0 https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220808020700001?input=1195m

• 작성일 2022-08-29
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제 14 호 300 Won to Save the Environment?

Kicker: SOCIETY 300 Won to Save the Environment? by Ji-Min Baek, Cub-reporter pjm5875@naver.com Environmental pollution caused by plastic use has become severe in recent times. Compared to 1950, plastic production in 2020 increased more than 240 times. A report came out saying that there will be about 1.3 billion tons of plastic waste by 2040. Even before the pandemic, the plastic usage in South Korea has been very high. However, ever since the pandemic hit, plastic use has soared due to the rise in demand for delivery and take-away. As a result, the amount of plastic waste nearly doubled from 2018 to 2020. Due to those negative developments, the government is actively considering policies that can promote the reduction of plastic usage. One of the policies that they came up with is a reduction on the use of disposable cups. Currently it is in effect among cafes and restaurants nationwide. Furthermore, a deposit system on disposable cups will begin on June 10 to prevent the excessive usage of disposable cups. The disposable cup deposit system is a system in which consumers buy drinks with an additional 300 won deposit when they use disposable cups. Like every other policy made by the government, there are people who think this is a great idea, while there are people who have opinions antithetical to the government and oppose this policy. The big question now is, “will this help protect the environment?” About the Disposable Cup Deposit System The disposable cup deposit system is not the first attempt. In the past, it was implemented once in 2002 mainly at fast food restaurants and coffee shops, but it was abolished in five years. At this time, it was implemented for the first time in the world to reduce the use of disposable products by inducing consumer participation, but it lacked infrastructure and failed to exert as much influence as it intended. The disposable cup deposit system has also been revived to reduce plastic waste. The stores become a subject of this system are stores such as large franchise coffee shops and fast food stores, and private stores are not applicable. Representatively, franchise stores like Starbucks, Paris Baguette, McDonald's, and Burger King are applied. The cups corresponding to this system are so-called take-out cups that we know of, excluding multi-use plastic cups that can be washed and reused. There is a cash payment or account transfer as a way to get the deposit back, and the deposit can be returned by recognizing the barcode attached to the disposable cup. It is because the bar code is used in this way, the returned cup cannot be double returned, and the cup can be returned at other stores, not only at the store where the drink was originally purchased. In addition, the disposable cups are sent to designated collectors and recycling companies for reuse and recycling. Two views on this system The Ministry of Environment commissioned Korea Research Co., Ltd. to conduct a public awareness survey on the introduction of the disposable cup deposit system 2,005 adult men and women nationwide, and 89.9% of the respondents agreed to the system. On the other hand, respondents who oppose the system disagree with this system for following reasons. Among those opposed , 42.6% said they were concerned about "rising product prices" and 41.1% said they were "lack of effectiveness due to low recovery and recycling rates." Also, when asked what they think about increasing the use of disposable cups, 78.6% said it was serious. When asked about the expected effects of the disposable cup deposit system, 45.5% said "reduced use of disposable cups" and 41.5% said "recycling resources" and 12.2% said "prevent street speculation.” Based on this survey, many people were aware of the seriousness of the increasing use of disposable cups, and agreed to the system to protect the environment. However, there are also opinions against this system because concerns and confusion are expected. It has been more than a month since the use of disposable cups was banned at stores such as cafes that were implemented earlier, but confusion remains. It is said that consumer complaints that cannot adapt to the changed system are up to store employees, and conflicts arise in the process of persuading them. The disposable cup deposit system is more complicated than this, so confusion is expected. In addition, the heavy workload is expected as not only a large number of costs are passed on to franchise owners, who are private operators, but also stickers, cup washing, and responding to return deposits. The response of the shop owners is negative. In addition, there are also opinions that question the effectiveness. This is because the system was already introduced in 2002, but it was abolished due to limitations, and confusion still persists even though it is about to be implemented. No one will object to this system to protect the environment. However, the difference in position between the Ministry of Environment and store owners is clear due to measures that have not yet been accurately prepared. As stated in the introduction above, Korea's plastic usage is serious. That is why any effort should be put into practice to protect environment. Therefore, I hope the government will come up with detailed measures to improve the effectiveness of the system as soon as possible and the system will succeed. Sources: https://newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20220509_0001863651&cID=10201&pID=10200 https://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0924246440&code=11171211&cp=nv https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/22170549 https://www.me.go.kr/home/web/board/read.do?menuId=286&boardId=1504440&boardMasterId=1

• 작성일 2022-05-27
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제 14 호 Everything about Child Abuse

KICKER: SOCIETY (CHILD ABUSE) Everything about Child Abuse by Yeong-Jin Choi, Editor pch39067@gmail.com When we turn on the television, we see the keyword, child abuse, a lot. What images come to mind when you first hear the term, child abuse? Child Abuse not only includes the concept of physical violence, but also mental violence. However, it is easy to overlook the fact that mean words from parents, teachers, or acquaintances to children can also be abuse. Therefore, in this article, I would like to illustrate what exactly is child abuse, some tragic child abuse precedents, how we should react when child abuse happens near us, and to deeply encounter the topic of child abuse both socially and physiologically. To add, I would briefly seek out, compare, and contrast of the related laws of child abuse in Korea and foreign countries. Notorious* Child Abuse Cases in Korea Are you familiar with the name “Jung-in”? In October 2020, a 16-month-old girl named Jung-in died of severe internal bleeding due to her own adoptive mother, who had taken her home as a healthy and cheerful baby. However, the autopsy* results showed that Jung-in suffered with multiple bond fractures* and bruises. Autopsy also told that she had a malnourished body. Almost every time we turn on the television, we face child abuse cases a lot. That does not mean that the lawmakers, bureaucrats*, and ordinary citizens are neglecting* how serious issue child abuse is, but it seems that their efforts have not yet reached the surface to be recognized. The Photo of Jung-in, https://www.wikitree.co.kr/articles/610877 There are other notorious cases of child abuse in Korea like “suitcase stepmom” who put her eight-year-old stepson into a suitcase for the fault of lying, which later led him to die from cardiac arrest* caused by the prolonged confinement*. Min-young, who was a two-year-old orphan died after falling into a months-long coma because her adoptive dad hit her repeatedly in the head. Ha-im, nine, was killed after being left in the care of her aunt, who fed her faeces* and tortured her by tying her up and submerging her in a bathtub, claiming that her niece was possessed. Seo-yeon, a 20-month-old, was beaten and raped by her stepdad, who then killed her and hid her body in an icebox in his bathroom until authorities discovered her three weeks later. *Notorious: Famous for something bad *Autopsy: The cutting open and examination of a dead body in order to discover the cause of death *Bureaucrat: Someone working in a bureaucracy *Neglect: To not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility *Cardiac Arrest: A condition in which the heart stops beating *Confinement: The situation in which a person or animal is kept somewhere, usually by force *Faeces: The solid waste passed out of the body of a human or animal through the bowels Definition of Child Abuse and Neglect Authorities define child abuse and neglect as any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caregiver that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that presents an imminent* risk of serious harm. America is one of the countries which takes a lot of care to prevent child abuse. They consider that neglect is one kind of a child abuse, which is an action that is defined as the failure of a parent or other person with responsibility for the child to provide needed food, clothing, shelter, medical care, or supervision to the degree that the child’s health, safety, and well-being are threatened with harm. Surprisingly, Korea’s definition on child abuse range does not differ a lot. So, if the rules and statutes* are well established, why do the cases of child abuse not decrease any less but only increase by manifold*? *Imminent: Coming or likely to happen very soon *Statute: A law that has been formally approved and written down *Manifold: Many and of several different types Reasons Why Child Abuse Happens Experts say that the reason why child abuse continues to happen is because of an individuals’ mental issues, their experience of past abuse, drug addiction, unrealistic expectations on their children, impulse, and lack of knowledge of being a parent. For an issue of family, the cause of child abuse might be because of poverty and lack of a profession, lack of social support, uneven marriage relationship, domestic violence, as well as lack of attachment between parent-child relationship. For a social problem, experts point out that parents considering that their children are their own possession, accepting corporal* punishment as a part of discipline, and lack of legal protection to the abused children are the main reasons. *Corporal: Of or relating to the body Child Abuse Symptoms and How to React When We Encounter One What can we do if child abuse happens near us? Neglecting child abuse case can also be a sin, and we should definitely know how to react if we encounter one. There are typical symptoms that we can doubt whether it is child abuse. If crying, screaming, or moaning continues, it can be a child abuse case. If a protector continues to describe a child’s wounds, if a child keeps wearing clothes that are unsanitary or that do not fit to the weather, if a child is late or misses class without obvious reasons, or if a child shows sexual actions that do not match with the age, we could keep an eye on the child and be ready to call the police at any time. We should state our name and the phone number with the name of the child, the sex of the child, his/her age, and the kid’s address within the information of the child abuse suspect’s name, sex, age, and address. Also, we should be as precise as we can as to the reason why we think that the child is in danger or is suffering from serious abuse. Hardships Abused Children Face Researchers say that children who suffer abuse or neglect suffer from many hardships such as emotional scars, physical scars, impact on future wellbeing, and impact on families. Children feel most of the pain on the inside. Many children suffer low self-esteem and feelings of guilt even though none of it is their fault, often blaming themselves for the abuse. Children also find it difficult to have trust issues and experience loneliness and bullying. They often have felt hopelessness, hate, despair, misery, and rage, sometimes talking about feeling suicidal or wanting to do self-harm. Children who suffered with child abuse are more likely to have lower educational attainment* and suffer from drug and alcohol dependency. They can also get easily depressed from long-term physical and mental health. Not only children who suffer abuse, but also their family members. Their family can also be affected with family members anxious and unsure about how to support a child who has been abused. Research show that family members of a child who experienced child abuse find it difficult to deal with the attitudes of children, and they struggle to know how to cope*. *Attainment: The act of achieving something *Cope: To deal successfully with a difficult situation Yes, it is the most important thing to nurture children with love. Yet sometimes, a simple misdeed of a parent or a guardian can lead to serious child abuse. Neglect, for example, is one kind of child abuse that guardians easily miss. However, no matter what, it is one hundred percent the guardians’ fault when it comes to child abuse, and we should understand vividly that abusing children who are undeveloped both physically and mentally is a huge crime. Of course, it is mandatory for us to clearly know how to react when child abuse happens, but I also hope that the punishment of child abuse to be reinforced to prevent further tragic child abuse before it even happens in the first place. Sources: https://koreaexpose.com/2021-child-abuse-korea-epidemic-jung-in/ https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubpdfs/define.pdf https://www.easylaw.go.kr/CSP/CnpClsMain.laf?csmSeq=1125&ccfNo=1&cciNo=1&cnpClsNo=1 https://www.ncrc.or.kr/ncrc/cm/cntnts/cntntsView.do?mi=1030&cntntsId=1030 http://www.moray.gov.uk/moray_standard/page_90253.html

• 작성일 2022-05-27
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제 14 호 Hot Secondhand Market, Growing Fraud Crime

Kicker: SOCIETY (SECOND-HAND MARKET) Hot Secondhand Market, Growing Fraud Crime By Sol-Hyang Park, Editor-in-chief cookie7152@naver.com Have you ever used “Daangn Market”? It is a well-known representative second-hand market app. Not only adults, but also children are using it skillfully. Recently, the secondhand market has grown to 20 trillion won. However, as the market grows, its fraud methods are also growing and evolving in various ways. Rampant Secondhand Fraud Referring to the above data, we can see as the secondhand market is rapidly growing, and the amount of fraud damage has also increased rapidly – It is expected to be worth around 90 billion won, three times higher than five years ago., Although the Daangn market with more than 21 million users is mainly a market for direct dealing (buying & selling face to face), there are many victims as new frauds increase. Like this, fraud is so prevalent, anxiety about fraud grows even though you can buy things cheaply. However, if you are aware of the most & new types of fraud and how to prevent fraud, you will be able to make safe and happy deals when using various secondhand platforms such as Daangn market, Bungaejangter, and Joonggonara. Let's find out step by step. The Most Common Type of Fraud 1. Selling expensive goods cheaply This fraud usually occurs in furniture or home appliances, which are difficult to get and have a thick fan base. For example, there was a posting selling a set of Smeg ovens (original price : 2 million won ) for 600,000 won. Then a person, tempted by the price, deposited it, but the seller was out of contact. It's a method of selling by enticing the buyer. There are also frauds that “pretend” to be expensive and sell it cheaply. For example, someone sells a 400,000 won fan for 100,000 won, but it was a 40,000 won Chinese fan. In fact, he disguised as if the product was being sold at a high price by deliberately raising the price after registering the discontinued product as a Naver business operator. 2. Selling defective items The seller hides the problem with the product and sells it. In this case, usually there are defects where it is difficult to check. For example, I bought used sneakers and the soles were rotten, or I bought a computer monitor and when I turned it on, the screen was severely damaged. 3. Inducing paying in advance It is a method of losing contact after inducing a prepayment by making buyers urgent. They induce prepayment in this way : "Someone else said they'd buy it now." "Someone else said he would send the whole price" "If it's hard to make the whole deposit now, you can do it separately. You can do the rest when I bring it to you." 4. Delivery fraud It is the case of sending another item by delivery. It is also the reason why the Daangn market that uses direct dealing has emerged, as there is so much delivery fraud in secondhand platforms such as Joonggonara or Bungaejangter. It is not often in the Daangn market, but it still happens. New Types of Fraud Over time, fraud methods are becoming more sophisticated. Let's take a look. 1. Third-party fraud Three-party fraud is a fraud that causes two victims, the seller and the third party. Let's assume original seller A, scammer B, third party(buyer) C. B copies A's sales post and posts it as if he is selling it. Then C contacts B after seeing B's post and B induces C to pay in advance.In this way, C makes a prepayment into the A's account that B obtained by pretending to purchase from A. Eventually, C thinks he made a deposit to B, but he actually made a deposit to A. In this way, B swindles by pretending to deposit to A with C’s money and receives the goods from A. Of course, this can be transformed in various ways, such as B giving C his account number, get C’ s money, and lose contact. 2. Naver Pay Fraud It is a method of inducing payment using the “Naver Pay safety transaction system.”The seller gives an external link, inducing safe transactions. In fact, the link was a fake link, leading to a page of a cloning site which seems to do a Naver Pay safety transaction. 3. Running away without paying It is literally a method of running away with the goods while dealing face to face, or secretly taking items hung on the doorknob in a non-face-to-face dealing that has increased due to COVID-19. How to Prevent Secondhand Fraud Secondhand dealing does not fall under the Consumer Protection Act, so it results in more damage. How can we avoid fraud as much as possible? 1. Check specific dealing information and refuse to pay in advance You need to approach suspiciously to members who have just joined and have not had any dealing history. You should check their dealing details and reviews. Also, avoid sellers that induce prepayment since there is a high possibility that he will take out the hearts of those who want to purchase with nice talk and lose contact after depositing. 2. Check thoroughly in case of direct dealing If you purchased it face to face, it is difficult to establish a "crime of fraud" no matter how defective the product is. – Due to the nature of direct dealing, the police believe that they purchased goods after checking. Therefore, in order to check the product properly, it is recommended to trade in the daytime rather than at night. In case of electronic products, trade in places like cafes because you have to turn it on and check. If you sell things, it is recommended to trade in a crowded place so that a buyer cannot easily run away, without paying. 4. Save screenshots of Product Description Take screenshots describing the product, such as 'Grade A,’ 'It works well,’ 'We have all the components,’ and save them. This can help you get a refund or declaration when you get a product very different from what you expected. In addition, do a lot of searches of secondhand items you want to buy, such as what price they are actually selling, and make wise consumption. If you can't trade directly and there are many risks, even if you really want to buy a secondhand item, it's also a way to give up boldly and buy a new product. The fraud methods of second-hand dealing are becoming more diverse and complex. Buyers get scammed while thinking "Will I really be the one?" Always be alert to the possibility that I might get scammed, and hope to make a wise secondhand deal. Sources https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20220412165806 http://nowon.newsk.com/front/news/view.do?articleId=ARTICLE_00018658 https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2022051523310032303

• 작성일 2022-05-22
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제 13 호 David Versus Goliath : Epic Games Against Apple

Kicker : SOCIETY David Versus Goliath : Epic Games Against Apple Hotshot Gaming New Boy Challenging Tech Giant Do-Hyuk Kim, Reporter ndapple0921@gmail.com Platform business model has become one of the hottest topics in the business industry and the drawbacks of it have become a hot potato around the world – including South Korea. The Korean platform giant ‘Kakao’ was recently accused of unrestricted expansion on every retail item they could find, eventually threatening owners of small businesses and their lives. The basic idea of platform business is like a fairy story that platform provider makes a marketplace that everyone can join easily while retail companies can meet much broader amounts of customers with minimal amount of hassle. However, while retail companies and customers invest a certain amount of effort or cash, platform business were constantly criticized for taking away that money by doing almost nothing. Epic Games, a rising star in the gaming industry with its highly popular mobile game ‘Fortnite’, recently sued Apple – the company we all know for manufacturing ‘iPhone’ and ‘iPad’ – for banning their game apps on Apple’s App Store. What’s going on between Apple, one of the world’s biggest companies, and Epic Games, which is considerably smaller? This article is here to find out. The main cause of this lawsuit between these companies began from August 14th, 2020. Apple decided to remove all games uploaded to the App Store – which was founded by Apple and currently remaining as cash cow of them, earning Apple over eighty-five billion dollars – made by Epic Games. The reason for this decision is because Epic Games tried to form their own In-App Purchase ecosystem, not Apple’s. Apple is forcing all app developers trying to register their apps to their App Store to embrace Apple’s own In-App Purchase system which allows Apple to track app developer’s additional profits derived from these In-App purchases and take away some part in the name of ‘commission.’ Epic Games’ bold moves meant that Epic Games will fully earn what they collect from their customers. Apple immediately opposed this decision, since if they leave Epic Games to keep their own In-App Purchase ecosystem in their games, other app developers will soon follow that route. This might affect Apple’s earnings by big numbers, because Apple’s profit margin brought to them reaches 30% of what app developers earn from In-App Purchase customers pay to them. Another major platform provider Google also marked commissions as 30%, but dropped it in 2021 to half of what Apple collects in App Store to hold back Apple and being conscious of this issue. Google also removed Epic Games’ games for the same reason, but left some room for bringing Epic Games to the table for negotiation. On the other hand, Apple kept its strong policy that not a single app is allowed in their App Store while supporting third-party In-App Purchase services. This uncompromising big gap between Apple and Epic Games eventually led to a fight in the court. The first round was held on May 3rd, 2021. Epic Games presented the same logic, criticizing Apple’s excessively high commission fee for apps registered for sale in App Store – which Epic Games referred to as a ‘monopoly.’ Apple responded by pointing out Epic Games breaking up agreement between the two companies on their own, which is basically a contract and must be followed strictly no matter how unfair it is after marking their signatures on the paper. Epic Games called up Microsoft as a witness and refuted Apple saying Microsoft asks ‘considerably less’ percentage of commissions on apps sold in the Microsoft Store than the App Store. Apple completely became entangled by this attack from Epic Games supported by Microsoft, showing ugly behavior of efforts trying to stop Microsoft from joining this court debate by requesting justice to ban Microsoft. This entire progress made people think Epic Games caught the chance of victory. However, the tone of the previous argument did not last long. The first trial announced a win for Apple, which was an unexpected call for Epic Games and their supporters. Epic Games can no longer revert their game apps in the App Store, and the justices decided that it was Epic Games that broke up the contract with Apple alone. There is a small development compared to the past, which is external link that leads to purchasing in-app goods is allowed from now on. But this is not an In-App Purchase that originally brought this trouble between the two companies, and the judges also reconfirmed Apple’s position of banning this third-party In-App Purchase ecosystem on apps uploaded in the App Store. Epic Games, obviously, decided to appeal to a higher court by not accepting those decisions, so this controversy in the court will take much longer than what we expected from the beginning. Apple also announced that it would act the same as Epic Games, not satisfied by the results from the first trial. The battle between platform the provider and the participants of that platform just heated up even more. Already waiting for the final results, isn’t it curious what the Supreme Court will finally announce? Whatever the results are, it will make a big impact on many conflicts between giant “platform business”-companies and rather smaller enterprises. Sources : https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20210911094017 https://archive.esportsobserver.com/apple-epic-games-unreal-engine/ (Picture)

• 작성일 2022-03-02
• 좋아요 Like 1

제 13 호 Blood Donation - Only Humans Can Give

Kicker: SOCIETY (BLOOD DONATION) Blood Donation - Only Humans Can Give Truth about Blood Donation and Benefits By Sol-Hyang Park, Editor-in-chief cookie7152@naver.com While attending school or serving in the Korean military, you may have experienced blood donation at once, if your body is adequate. Especially in winter, there are many news or blood donation events that urge blood donation. In recent years, the problem of lack of blood donation has become more serious in the corona era. When you think of giving your blood, you may be afraid or scared of health concerns, and think there is nothing good. I would like to solve the misunderstanding about this and introduce the benefits of blood donation that people don’t know well. A Serious Blood Donation Crisis No matter how advanced medical technology is, blood is still irreplaceable. This is why blood donation is the only means of saving the lives of patients who need blood transfusions. However, as we can see in the graph above, the blood donation population and rate has been decresing over the years - the resulting blood supply crisis has continued. In addition, since 2020, the blood supply crisis has been prolonged as the number of blood donors has dropped sharply due to COVID-19. According to the head of the Gangnam Blood Donation Center, the number of blood donors has decreased by about 30% overall since the COVID-19 outbreak. The Reason for the Low Blood Donation Rate Among several factors responsible for the decrease, one of the factors is indifference derived from the deepened individualism. It is not easy to think about other’s health in a situation where people are busy taking care of themselves and do not take good care of their health due to a lot of stress caused by work or human relationships. People would be rather interested in finding exercises or hobbies to improve themselves. Moreover, it does not seem to be particularly beneficial to donate blood, so people don't feel the need to donate blood. Like this, the blood shortage proves that self-sacrifice and community consciousness are weakening more than before. Of course, some are unable to donate blood because of their health conditions such as anemia. However, despite the possibility of donating blood, many people are afraid and reluctant to donate blood, thinking “My blood is leaked to the outside - it is a waste and will not be good for my health.” Is Blood Donation Bad for Our Health? There are many studies on the effects of blood donation on our health, and it is still ongoing. However, what is certain is that blood donation is encouraged worldwide since it does not adversely affect ordinary people's health. Human red blood cells have an only 120 day lifespan, so blood is constantly destroyed and produced in the body whether or not we donate blood. Therefore, a small amount of blood lost by blood donation has little effect on human health. The following are major misunderstandings about blood donation. If you want to read more, visit the site. : https://www.bloodinfo.net/misunderstanding.do. It strains your bone marrow and ages quickly? (x) - Bone marrow is made as much as we lack blood. Rather, periodic blood donation improves the ability of bone marrow to produce blood. There is no study worldwide that indicates blood donation is related to aging. It causes chronic anemia? (x) -15% of the total blood volume is extra for emergencies. One blood donation (320ml / 400ml) does not strain your body. After one to two days, we recover enough for daily life. Blood vessels get narrower? (x) - The contraction of a blood vessel when a needle enters from the outside is just a reflection phenomenon. That's the only time, and it recovers soon. There’s no relation at all. Get infected with diseases such as COVID-19? (x) -All instruments used for blood donation are aseptic and discarded after one use. There has been no infection by blood donated since February 1st, 2005. Doctors don't donate blood? (x) - The reason why some doctors cannot donate blood is that there is a high risk of infection in the medical field. Some who do not work in high-risk environments are free to donate blood. Of course, since blood donation is definitely a loss of iron and moisture, sufficient rest is essential. For more information, please visit : https://www.bloodinfo.net/emi_bldqualify.do. Donating Blood for “ME.” You may think “Then, what is the good thing about blood donation?” Blood donation is definitely donating one's blood at no cost. However, blood donation is rather like one’s medical checkup that regularly take cares of oneself. You can see the detail through the app "Red Connect." You can check your overall health status through measurements every time you donate blood : hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets, liver levels (ALT), and total proteins. It is possible to check whether there are blood-borne diseases like hepatitis B, C. You can see the information in detail through the blood donation app "Red Connect," officially operated by the Korean Red Cross. Like this, if you donate blood regularly, you can check your health status for free periodically. Therefore, it is possible to pay more attention to your health care. Health begins with our concern of our bodies, so even some experts recommend donating blood as an opportunity for an interest in our bodies. You can see the requests for the blood through the app "지정헌혈." You may wonder if the blood you donated is really used preciously by someone in need. In this case, "designated blood donation" is recommended. Using the app “지정헌혈,” you can easily donate blood directly to specific patients who need specific blood. For more information, visit the site : https://linkedblood.com/. Blood donation can not only save others, but also let us get medical checkups every time. Why don't you ease your reluctance and try blood donation? Whenever you donate blood, you will feel proud as you have never felt. Sources : https://www.bloodinfo.net/main.do https://www.bloodnet.or.kr/ https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/21655771#home https://www.news1.kr/articles/?4558672 https://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1450

• 작성일 2022-03-01
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제 12 호 Youth Employment Support Project for 20s Who Are Struggling with COVID-19

Kicker: SOCIETY (GOVERNMENT SUPPORT) Youth Employment Support Project for 20s Who Are Struggling with COVID-19 By Eugene Ha, Editor eugine16@naver.com You're worried about getting a job, right? There will be students who are about to get a job, and also there will be students who are preparing for employment. With the prolonged COVID-19, more and more people in their 20s are complaining of depression due to economic problems, including employment difficulties. I'm sure there are many of you who have the same worries. Don't worry too much! There is a youth employment support project conducted by the Ministry of Employment and Labor! You may have heard of youth employment subsidies, youth additional employment incentives, and youth employment-linked funds at least once. Let's take a look at what are the current subsidies and systems for young people like us! Employment is the most worrisome thing for college students. Furthermore, as COVID-19 is prolonged, more and more young people are complaining of depression due to economic problems including employment difficulties.’ Job Korea’, an online job platform, conducted a survey of 995 job seekers preparing for employment in the second half of the year on "employment confidence in the second half." 78.2% of the respondents said, "I feel anxious that I will not be able to get a job within this year." In addition, only 15.8% of the respondents said that the job market in the second half is likely to be better than in the first half. The most common reason for feeling anxious was "Companies that postpone hiring are likely to emerge due to the re-proliferation of COVID-19." (41%) Following deliberate self-harm due to the inability to endure depression, there is a problem of attempting extreme choices. Against this backdrop, some suggested that it is urgent to prepare national measures for young people. Accordingly, the government is implementing various policies for young people. I would like to briefly- introduce them one by one. ▶Projects currently in place ‘The National Tomorrow Learning Card’국민내일배움카드훈련과정 | HRD-Net The National Tomorrow Learning Card is a system that supports training expenses so that people can conduct vocational competency development training on their own to improve competency development. It is said that students other than the fourth grade of the university who are scheduled to graduate could not be issued, but from the second half of this year, the target was expanded to the third grade of the university. The support limit ranges from 3 million won to 5 million won per person, and 45% to 85% of the training expenses can be received. To apply, you can access the HRD-Net website, watch the video, and sign up for your identity authentication. ‘Tomorrow Fill Deduction’청년내일채움공제 (work.go.kr) Fill Deduction is a policy that helps young people who have succeeded in getting a full-time job in small and medium-sized enterprises to work for a long time and raise large sums of money. For example, if a young person collects 3 million won over two years, the government will provide 3 million won in employment maintenance support to companies, accumulating corporate contributions and collecting a total of 12 million won up to 6 million won in government employment support. The subjects are 15 to 34 years old. There is no limit to educational background. However, those who are enrolled in high school or college or taking a leave of absence as of the full-time employment date are excluded. ‘Youth Additional Employment Incentives’고용보험 (ei.go.kr) The purpose is to create quality youth jobs by supporting labor costs to small and medium-sized companies that have additionally hired young people as regular workers. The targets are small and medium-sized companies with more than five new employees who have hired young people (15 to 34 years old) as regular workers. It provides up to 9 million won per additional youth recruitment per year for three years. To apply, companies have to prepare necessary documents such as applications for incentives after hiring young people and apply through the employment insurance system. ‘Youth Employment Support Project’청년고용응원프로젝트 < 청년고용응원 | 온라인청년센터 (youthcenter.go.kr) The ‘youth employment service project’ promoted by the Ministry of Employment and Labor provides practical opportunities to prepare for employment, such as strengthening job competency and work experience. A total of five companies, Samsung Electronics, POSCO, SK Hynix, Lotte Group, and Samyang Food, are participating in the cooperation between the government and companies. Each company is in charge of designing and operating various programs, and the government supports recruiting participants, subsequent job placement, and maintaining employment. - Samsung Electronics’ "Samsung Youth SW Academy" - POSCO's "For Your Dream" - SK Hynix's "Youth High Five". - Lotte Group's "Feedback on the Results of Those Who Failed to Hire New Employees" - Samyang Food "Youth Employment Policy Promotion Support" If you go to the site, you can check more details. ▶The newly announced project "Youth Job Leap Encouragement" The government plans to provide 140,000 people from next year to 2024 by establishing a youth job leap incentive. If small and medium-sized companies hire young people as regular workers, they can receive up to 800,000 won per month and 9.6 million won per year. "Heart Health Voucher" For young people suffering from COVID-19, the government plans to establish a mental health voucher system that provides 200,000 won per month for psychological counseling for three months so that about 15,000 people can enjoy it. I have introduced youth policies that are useful to know. In addition, much more diverse youth support projects are being implemented and will continue to be implemented, so please pay attention to them. In fact, we need psychological support as well as employment measures. However, we have to find our own way to relieve depression. As job opportunities decrease and meeting appointments decrease, we often feel lethargic and depressed compared to before. I think it would be better to increase your body movement through light walks or exercise and make your own way to express and control your emotions positively!

• 작성일 2021-11-22
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제 12 호 Copyright Found on Campus

Kicker: SOCIETY (COPYRIGHT) Copyright Found on Campus What Students Should Know about Copyright By Seo-Won Hong, Reporter eunoia1025@naver.com Copyright in school life has been important; however, it needs to be treated more importantly in the current situation of the pandemic. Universities started online school since last year. Recording lectures and real-time lectures, which are the main types of classes, are more likely to be recorded without permission than original lectures. Lecture materials and handouts used by professors in online class are also more likely to be distributed somewhere without permission. In addition, as the exam season comes, infringement of the copyright which is called “Sharing Jokbo” often occurs. Preventing infringement of copyright, I will introduce about copyright issues which students should know and keep during school life. Lecture Recording Recently, as online school have been conducted due to COVID-19, e-learning recording classes are frequently used as university lectures. In the case of recording lectures, students can take classes at any time and place they want and promote self-directed learning. It also has the advantage that students can repeat online lectures when they have something they don’t understand. However, students can take recording lectures at any time, so they can record and distribute lectures without permission. In addition to real-time lectures, which are often used, the risk of recording without permission cannot be ruled out. Recording lectures without permission to study for exams is an act of infringing copyright even if there is no intention for commercial purpose. Recording lecture for the purpose of study is illegal if without the permission of the professor. This applies equally to recording a lecture as well as general recording. All citizens have the right not to record, play, broadcast, reproduce, and distribute their voices against their will, and this is called the “right of voice.” It is a right derived from article 10 in the Constitution of the Republic of Korea: “All citizens shall be assured of human worth and dignity and have the right to the pursuit of happiness.” Therefore, recording a lecture without the professor’s permission is against the “right of voice” and an illegal activity that infringes copyright. In general, recording without the consent of the other side is acivil or criminal issue. This is a violation of the Protection of Communications Secrets act. It is stipulated that if it is violated, there can be imprisonment without a fine, and it can be punished for not less than one year and not more than 10 years. It shall result in compensating for civil damages depending on agreement of recording, the purpose, and the use. Recording conversations that are not disclosed to everyone or listening using electronic devices or mechanical ways violate Article 14 of the Protection of Communications Secrets act.It shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than 10 years or suspension of qualification for up to 5 years. However, all lecture recordings are not illegal. There is no problem recording for reviewing the lecture after asking the professor’s permission. However, selling recordings for economic benefits is a violation of copyright laws. According to Article 4, paragraph 1, clause 1 of the Copyright Law, lectures are defined as literary works such as novels, theses, and speeches. Accordingly, the professor has the right for copyright such as the right to reproduction, distribution, and public transmission. According to Article 2, paragraph 22 of the Copyright Law the term “reproduction” means the temporary or permanent fixation of works in a tangible medium or a remarking of works by means of printing, photographing, copying, sound or visual recording, or other means. For these reasons, recording lectures violates the right to reproduction. If it is distributed by CD, USB, or e-mail, it is infringement of right of distribution. Transmitting in the form of a file is a violation of the right of public transmission which is the right of the author. So selling and buying recording files shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than five years or by a fine not exceeding 50 million won. Lecture materials and Jokbo PPT, images, fonts, videos such as lecture recording, real-time and self-produced contents which are provided by the professor in class are protected by copyright law as a work of the professor or another person. Lecture materials on the e-campus site are only available on the e-campus site. If lecture materials are reproduced or distributed in another site, it is a violation of copyright law, so it results in civil or criminal liability. “Jokbo”, a type of lecture materials, is a collection of class notes or sample question from previous tests. Many students trade and share jokbo to prepare for the test. “Jokbo” is a derivative work of the professor’s lecture or test so sharing “Jokbo” without consent is illegal. Copyright infringement occur frequently on campus even if students don’t intend infringement. Someone who violates copyright will be liable for copyright infringement. It is necessary to check whether you violate copyright or not. In addition, students need to learn about copyright and develop copyright awareness. * This article includes a translated paragraph of on an article written on November 11, 2019 by reporters Huh Jeong-eun and Han Ah-reum from the Sangmyung University Newspaper (Korean version). Sources: https://www.smu.ac.kr/newspaper/university.do?mode=view&articleNo=704170#/list https://ecampus.smu.ac.kr/mod/ubboard/article.php?id=1&keyfield=subject&keyword=%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%91%EA%B6%8C&bwid=350688

• 작성일 2021-11-21
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제 11 호 Animals are No Longer Objects

Kicker: SOCIETY (ANIMAL PROTECTION) Animals are No Longer Objects By Eugene Ha, Editor / Su-Yeon Park, Cub-Reporter eugine16@naver.com / possible921@naver.com Sangmyung University has small and precious popular friends. Do you happen to know? There are ‘Onsooni’, a cute little cat at Sangmyung University's Cheonan campus, and ‘Sangnyangi’ at the Seoul campus. Also, there is a cat club called 'Holding in Your Arms' that is doing abandoned animal protection activities together at the Cheonan Campus. It actually means Anseo-dong cat in its arms’, and it is a club that helps cats living in Anseo-dong as well as cats in the schools. With so many students interested, we would like to convey that a new legal provision has recently been created to ensure legal status for pet and animal protection issues that have long been a problem. - Onsooni As well as child abuse, animal abuse is still a constant social issue. Animal protection measures are better than before, but they are still a problem. To ensure the legal status of such animals, the government decided to add a new clause in the civil law, "Animal is not an object," and the Ministry of Justice announced on July 19 that it will announce a revision to the civil law. Under the current civil law, objects are defined as "natural forces to manage fluids, electricity and other things," and animals have been treated as objects among them. Therefore, relentless violence and animal abuse are occurring, and damage compensation is not being properly paid. Currently, as the number of households raising pets increases, the opinion that animals should be protected and respected has led to the revision of the law. From the Past to the Present Abuse of animals was not illegal 30 years ago. The 1991 Animal Protection Act entered the realm of crime, specifying a ban on abuse. Animal protection laws have developed slowly but steadily. However, the trend of treating animals as objects rather than as living beings has persisted for 30 years. The Animal Protection Act has been revised nine times in total since it was enacted in 1991. The law has continued to be revised based on a number of cases, specifying a provision banning animal murder, injury and abandonment. Early History of Animal Protection Legislation in Korea ● 1991/5/31 Enactment of the Animal Protection Act - No animal abuse ● 2007/1/26 Materialize and expand the scope of prohibited activities ● 2011/8/4 Additional prison sentences. ● 2013/4/5 Prevention of neglect ● 2013/8/13 Establishment of animal abuse definition regulations and ban the sale of abusive videos ● 2017/3/21 Punishment for causing death of an animal by negligence. ● 2018/3/20 Animal hoarders and dog abandonment punishment ● 2019/8/27 Ban gambling using animals ●2020/2/11 The act of causing animals to die, aggravated legal punishment, and criminal punishment for abandonment of animals. ●2021/7/19 Ministry of Justice announced legislation to revise the civil law - "Animal is not an object." European Animal Welfare Developed Countries' Animal Protection Laws Many European countries, including Germany, Austria and Switzerland, have already stipulated the law "Animal is not an object." Continuing problems with pets, how are other countries abroad dealing with it? 1. Germany: Pet Certificate Test Germany said in its 1990 amendment, "Animal is not an object. Animals are specially protected by law. The provisions that apply to goods shall apply only when there are no applicable provisions," under Civil Code Section 90a. Germany is also active in animal welfare in civil law. Since commercial sales of pets are prohibited in Germany, adoption of pets is only possible through abandoned animal shelters. In addition, the guardian must pass the adoption qualification examination considering family composition and residential environment. The dog license system, which has been implemented by the German state of Lower Saxony since 2011, consists of a total of two tests, a written test and a practical test. The first written test deals with dog common sense in various fields, from dog knowledge to related laws, such as dog and human, dog and law, and dog health. In the second practical test, the guardian's ability to cope with situations that may occur in public with dogs is tested. Thanks to Germany's strict animal protection laws and adoption system, the rate of dog abandonment in Germany is very low at 2 percent. As a result, the system proved effective by proving that the number of pets actually abandoned has decreased. (Question) How soon should a guardian praise a dog if it did the right thing? A. In 30 seconds to 2 minutes, B. In exactly five minutes. C. Up to 2 seconds. D. Time doesn't matter. The important thing is praise. (Answer) C, the shorter the time difference between the dog's behavior expression and the compliment (reward), the more clearly the dogs understand. - Example of qualification test for dogs in Germany 2. Sweden: Regulations on the Living Environment of Pets from Indoor Temperature to Air The Swedish government minimizes the incidence of abandoned pets with the pet ID registration system, while suggesting various living provisions that must be followed by guardians within the Pet Protection Laws. This is as follows: 1. The temperature of the indoor space with the pet dog should be between 10 and 21 degrees, and there should be a window with sunlight. 2. Ammonia levels of indoor air with dogs shall not exceed 10 ppm and carbon dioxide shall not exceed 3,000 ppm. 3. Pet dogs should not be tied up indoors and should not be left alone for a long time due to the nature of living in groups. 4. Dogs cannot be separated from their mother dogs for at least eight weeks of age. 5. Pet dogs should take a walk once every six hours. 6. Pet ID must be registered within 4 months of age. In this way, the regulations on abuse have been subdivided to prevent various animal abuse in foreign countries. In particular, because Korea's law is a written law system, there is a limit to defining what is not written as illegal, and there is a high risk because it can be misjudged by law enforcement officers and judges. Therefore, many people, including the Animal Freedom Alliance, are demanding that the provisions of abuse be subdivided into specific phrases. The revision is a changed expression of value recognition that animals are different from objects, which means that the human obligation category for animals has expanded. However, since the Constitution is fundamental to all laws, the next step of the revision of the civil law is to clarify the "status of animals different from objects" in the long term by specifying animal protection obligations in the Constitution.

• 작성일 2021-08-26
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